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| Serving members since 1957 |
Online |
| 4150 Merino Avenue | Registration |
| Watertown, MN 55388 | Transfer |
| Phone: (952) 215 2206 | Member Update |
| Email:click here | Payment |
| Pedigree |
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Registrar/Webmaster Notes Registrations · Only current members can register cattle. · All Dexters must have a tattoo number or permanent tag to be registered. · Use current forms to get correct information and costs. · Families often have two memberships. Make sure what name they will be registered in. · If Artificial Insemination is used, a signed form by the technician is needed.
(In registering and transferring the animals, about one third of paperwork received has missing or ineligible information, wrong amounts, unpaid yearly dues, or address changes. This slows down the process and makes for a lot of unnecessary effort in reaching the owners for corrections.) Coat Colors · Black, Dun, and Red · Red cattle must have a red sire and dam, or be genetically tested to verify a red designation. Horned/Polled · Polled animals must have at least one parent that is polled. Transfer · Transfers can only be made to current members. · Make sure new members information is included. · Contact information helps correct problems. (phone number, email) · Membership numbers help to find the correct member. (We presently have 42 Smiths, for example.) Corrections · The Online Registry is created out of the Registry. If you find a correctable error, please let me know. · The registry can be corrected by emailing me with the correct information. · Emails, phone calls or letters are also a good way to let me know of errors in the registry. Dexters from other registries · Those cattle registered from other registries may have ADCA cattle in their pedigree, please send copy of the certificate from other registries. There registrations will be billed as transfers. Deceased or inactive animals · Owners should contact me if there are animals in your herd that are deceased. Online pedigree · Put your name in the owner field and it shows only those animals that are alive and in your herd. · Contact me if a deceased animal appears or if a live animal does not. Our old registry changed some to deceased when they were not verified by the owner. · You can put your own digital photos of your cattle in the Online Pedigree. Email me if you want the password to do it, or would like support on how to do it. Chuck Daggett, Registrar 952-215-2206 adca@dextercattle.org 4150 Merino Avenue • Watertown, MN 55388 The American Dexter Cattle Association (ADCA) accepts Dexter cattle in three colors: black, dun, and red. No other colors are accepted. Unlike other colors that exist in some purebred and crossbred cattle, all three of the Dexter colors are verifiable by DNA testing. In addition, the ADCA Registry accepts ONLY those animals which have a five-generation purebred pedigree. In other words, the ADCA does not accept upgrading as a practice within its Registry. The ADCA encourages all prospective buyers of Dexter cattle to verify the registration or qualification for registration of any animal prior to purchase of the animal. If there is any question about the qualification for registration of an animal, contact the Registrar before committing to its purchase." Registration and Transfer Procedures The white application for registry should be completed as follows, with all sections being completed: 1. Indicate if the tattoo is in the left or right ear. 2. Be sure the name is no more than 21 letters and spaces. 3. Be sure the birth date and the sire and dam registration numbers are included. 4. The the breeder should be the person who bred the cow (the person who owned the cow at the time of the breeding). 5. The owner of the dam at the time of calving may be different if you purchased a bred animal. 6. The owner of the sire would be the owner of the bull who bred the cow. 7. The transfer application section of the white application form should be filled out only if you are purchasing an animal that is not registered. Transfers Once the Green or Tan registration paper is received, the reverse side of the paper should be used for all sales of the animal registered on the paper (see example on the following page). The section should be completed with the buyer’s name, address (A), and the date of the sale (B), signature of seller (C), and mailed in to the Association Secretary. Breeders should complete all transfers of animals sold. The person selling the animal should do this, not the buyer. Be Sure Paperwork Is Current The Buyer Beware statement is well founded. If you are purchasing an animal, be sure that it possesses a green or tan registration paper. If not, please request the owner of the animal to get one processes for you. Be sure if you purchase a bred cow that you get the proper signatures on the white application for registry so you can get your calf registered. If there is some question about the registration of an animal, please check with your Regional Director, the Secretary, or any Officer of the Association. They will be more than happy to assist you to make sure the animal you are about to purchase can be registered. Remember, there are animals out there that cannot be registered. Most conscientious breeders and members will be more than happy to provide you with the proper paperwork. Naming Animals The ruling of the Association has always been that names of animals should not exceed 21 letters and spaces. In the past, this has not been strictly enforced. With the use of a new computer program, it is becoming more important that names not exceed the 21 letters and spaces limit. This does not mean to use Sally’sHighRiserBetty with no spaces. This would be difficult to read on a paper. Spaces will be added and the names will be limited. Membership Application New Membership For individuals
who own a registered Dexter (Free for first calendar year) NOTE: Chuck Daggett American Dexter Cattle Association 4150 Merino Ave. Watertown, MN 55388Phone: (952) 215 2206 Dexter
Registrations
(Adobe Acrobat file containing the new animal registration
application.) Transfers at any age is $20 Animals registered and transfered at the same time pay both fees or $40. The white application for registry should be completed as follows:
· Breeders Name · Breeders Number · Dam Name · Dame Number · Sire Name · Sire Number · Animal Name · Birthdate · Artificial or Pasture Breeding · Tatoo Number (right or left ear) · Color (red/dun/black) · Polled/Horned (must have at least one polled parent) · Bull/Cow/Steer
Indicate if the tattoo is in the left or right ear. Be sure the name is less than 21 letters and spaces. Be sure the calf carries the herd name of the breeder (the person who bred the calf). If you are the breeder, use your herd name (abbreviate if long). The same herd name must be used on all animals you breed. Be sure the birthdate, color and the sire and dam registration numbers are included. Be sure to indicate if the animal is polled (polled animals must be out of either a polled cow and/or a polled bull). Indicate if the animal is out of AI (artificial insemination) breeding. If so, please attach a signed slip from your AI technician indicating the breeding date of the cow. The signature of the breeder should be the person who bred the cow (the person who owned the cow at the time of breeding). The signature of the owner of the dam at time of calving may be different if you purchased a bred animal. The signature of the owner of sire would be the owner of the bull who bred the cow.
The ADCA reserves the right to require DNA testing to confirm the validity of any registration. Such testing may include but shall not be limited to parentage verification and to color Buyers check list
Tattoo Letters for year:
Tattoo suggestions:
1. Halter or muzzle the animal, if necessary. 2. Cleanse the area to be tattooed using a cloth dampened with a cleansing fluid, such as alcohol, to remove dirt, grease, and wax. 3. Insert the correct symbols into the pliers and press down firmly over the needles with a thin rubber sponge pad. This pad helps to release the needles from the skin. 4. Check the correctness of the symbols by making a mark on a piece of paper. 5. Smear ink on the needles and on the skin, choosing an area free from freckles and warts, if possible. Place the symbols parallel to and between the veins or cartilaginous ridges of the ear. The accidental piercing of a vein may spoil the tattoo. 6. Make the imprints with a quick firm movement and immediately apply a further amount of ink from the container onto the ear and rub vigorously and continuously for at least fifteen seconds to ensure penetration. This is very important. The most effective method is to rub thumb and forefinger, though a brush may be used. 7. Remove the rubber pad and rinse it and the needles in water, then dry. The sponge rubber pad should be discarded when it begins to lose its elasticity. The brush, if one is used, should also be rinsed. 8. Do not disturb the area until the healing process is complete, which may be from 5 days to 21 days, depending on the age of the animal. 9. Keep a list of tattoo numbers with names of animals and enter same in your private breeding records.
In 1994, semen from a polled Dexter bull was imported into the United States and Canada. For all animals that are registered with the ADCA that are born polled, their registration numbers will carry the “P” extension following the registration number. This will allow members to determine if they wish to breed either horned or polled animals. The polled trait depends on just one gene, expressed by the symbol “P”. The opposite condition, the presence of horns, is expressed as the “p” gene. The polled gene (P) is dominant to the horned gene (p). When an animal inherits the dominant P gene from one parent, it is the dominant P that shows up in the individual’s appearance as the polled trait. The only time the recessive horn gene (p) can express itself is when the dominant P gene is not present. There are three possible gene combinations involving the polled trait. They are PP, Pp, and pp. Half of each combination is inherited form each parent. The PP individual is polled and said to be homozygous because it possesses two identical genes (“homo” means “the same”). It will have all polled offspring regardless of whether the other parent is horned or polled, because it has only the dominant P gene to pass on to its progeny. PP bulls are sometimes referred to as 100% dehorners. The Pp individual is also polled, but is heterozygous (“hetero” means “not the same”). The Pp individual passes two different genes, so it won’t breed true for the polled trait. Fifty percent of the time, the Pp individual will pass on the horn gene, p, to its progeny. The pp individual is horned, an d is also homozygous because it has two identical genes. The pp individual will always pass on the p (horned) gene to its progeny, because that’s all it possesses. Keep in mind that each parent passes one-half of its genetic makeup to its offspring. (Courtesy of the American Simmental Association.)
The Inheritance of Horns and Scurs By C.K. Allen The inheritance of horns and scurs is much simpler than other genetic traits such as growth, fertility, feed conversion and carcass traits because so few genes are involved. However, there have been few research resources allocated to defining the specific inheritance of these traits. We know a lot about them but we are not absolutely sure about all aspects of their inheritance. In this article, I will discuss the inheritance of horns and scurs (or the lack of them) and list specific ideas that might be used in your selection and mating decisions. I will identify some areas of the inheritance that we are not sure about, but emphasize the most likely inheritance where there is doubt. Classification
· Scurred animals
mislabeled as smooth polled Cattle can not be scurred unless they are hornless because the horned condition covers up scurs. Horned animals can have zero, one or two scur genes but we never see the effect of the scur gene until we produce a hornless animal. Scurs are defined as horny tissue which are generally loose and moveable but may become attached to the skull in older animals. There is great variation in the size and growth rate of both scurs and horns, but males generally develop scurs and horns faster than females. At preweaning ages, horns are also loosely attached, especially on heifers. Consequently, breeders or researchers that classify calves at young ages are likely to make mistakes. Those mistakes can be corrected if you leave the scurs intact rather than removing them. If they are really horns, it will usually become clear as they get older. Seedstock producers should be trying to identify genetic differences in their cattle. In my opinion, breeders should not remove scurs but let them develop so that you know what you really have. Some females don't even show scurs until they are 18 months of age or older, and only a small percentage of scurred heifers have prominent scurs at weaning time. Most heifers that have horny tissue that is prominent enough to justify removing it at weaning are horned, not scurred. Bulls generally show more prominent scurs than heifers but there are times when scurs on bulls are so small, like a small scab, they are hard to see even on close examination. Careful examination at 12 months of age or older will usually reveal scurs on bulls if they are going to have them. "Careful examination" means that the bull is restrained, the lighting is excellent and that you either clip the head or spread the hair to make sure there are no scabs.
Polled Inheritance Cattle with two polled genes would be classified homozygous polled and should produce only hornless calves (some of the calves may have scurs). A horned animal has zero polled genes and when mated to horned cows will produce 100% horned calves.
Inheritance of Scurs Several geneticists think it is likely that all scurred animals are heterozygous for the polled gene but this has neither been proven nor disproved by research. Theoretically, homozygous polled bulls and females could have scurs if they have two scur genes, but no one has reported a scurred animal that proved to be homozygous polled. Proving the existence of one bull that is scurred and disputedly homozygous for the polled gene would establish that scurred animals could be homozygous polled. >From a practical standpoint, breeders may be able to eliminate the horn gene faster by assuming that all scurred cattle are heterozygous for the polled gene. Scurred females must have two scur (Sc) genes and most likely have a genotype of PpScSc, but might be homozygous polled with a genotype of PPScSc. Scurred bulls that are heterozygous for the polled gene need only one scur gene to be scurred (genotype of PpScsn, where sn indicates the absence of the scur gene). Again, some people believe that all scurred bulls are heterozygous for the polled gene but there is no data that proves it. Homozygous polled bulls (PP) can carry the scur gene and be smooth polled while have a genotype of PPScsn. Theoretically, a homozygous polled bull could be scurred if he had two scurred genes (PPScSc). An important fact is that any bull that has one scur gene but is not scurred must be homozygous polled. Further, any bull produced by a scurred cow must have the scur gene as does any bull that sires a scurred heifer.
Practical Applications for
Polled Selection The most accurate way to identify homozygous polled bulls is by mating them to horned cows. If you breed a bull to five horned cows and get all polled calves, you have a 96.9% chance that your bull is homozygous polled. This clearly shows that you don't need to breed to a lot of horned cows to prove a bull homozygous polled, but more than five is recommended. Ten polled calves from horned cows gives you a confidence level of 99.9 percent, and 13 calves gives you a confidence level of 99.99 percent. You can also prove a bull homozygous by mating him to heterozygous polled cows, but it takes more than twice as many matings to reach the same confidence level. It is important to note that one horned calf proves the parents to be heterozygous polled. As previously discussed, you must consider possible mistakes in classification and possible mistakes in parentage with horned bull calves. A horned heifer calf can only be explained by a mistake in parentage or by the calf getting a horned gene from both parents. Newborn calves are difficult to accurately classify, and so it is best to wait until the calves are at least a couple of months of age before declaring them polled and then only after handling their head. In closing, it is important to remember that the polled trait is a convenience trait that is desirable when combined with profit-making traits. An inferior polled animal is no more valuable than any inferior animal.
Gene Abbreviations: P=polled p=horned Sc=scur sn=no scur
1. The label double-polled is applied to cattle when both their parents are polled, and is useful only if there is no doubt in the accuracy of how their parents were classified. Double-polled cattle that produce horned calves have the same genotype as polled animals that have one horned parent. 2. Cattle with two polled parents have a one-third chance of being homozygous polled, and double-polled bulls that are not scurred have greater than a one-third chance of being homozygous polled. 3. A double-polled, non-scurred son of a scurred cow will be homozygous polled and will carry at least one scur gene. To count on this, you must be sure the bull does not have even a scab scur. 4. A double-polled female that produces a scurred calf by a homozygous polled bull is probably heterozyous for the polled gene (Pp). 5. Any bull, horned or polled, that sires a scurred heifer carries at least one scur gene. 6. Scurred cattle are probably heterozygous polled with a genotype of PpScsn or PpScSc. 7. Breeding homozygous polled bulls to heterozygous polled females should produce all polled calves, and 50 percent of these calves should be homozygous polled. 8. Breeding homozygous polled bulls to double-polled females should produce all polled calves, and two-thirds of the calves should be homozygous polled. 9. Breeding homozygous polled bulls to polled females that are daughters of homozygous polled bulls should produce all polled calves, and three-fourths of the calves should be homozygous polled. 10. Breeding homozygous polled bulls to homozygous polled females should produce all homozygous polled calves and no scurs.
Registration of polled animals 1.) One or both parents must be a registered polled Dexter. 2.) If both parents are registered as genetically horned and a mutation is suspected: Both parents MUST be available for DNA parentage genotyping. 3.) Polled animals may not be registered as horned. If a polled animal is indicated as horned and is discovered to be polled at a later date, the registration may be revoked. 4.) A dehorned animal will be registered as horned. 5.) Polled Dexters from other recognized Registries will be accepted if they meet the ADCA criteria. 6.) The ADCA reserves the right to review Registries, require testing, and revoke the registration of any animal improperly registered.
(If one parent is dead/unavailable, the requirements for building the necessary genotype profile will be outlined by the Laboratory performing the Geno-typing for the ADCA and will be followed with strict guidelines and supervision of the American Dexter Cattle Association.)
All test expenses will be the applicant’s responsibility.
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